Package clang17.0-devel: Information

- Split libclang-cpp.so into its own package. (Closes: 44263)
- Split libclang.so into its own package, making clangX-libs a compat package
  which pulls both shared libraries in.

- clang: Restore the default disposition of -grecord-command-line.
- clang: Pass --build-id=sha1 to linkers by default. (Closes: 47780)
  Both of these changes are applied to clangs we build ALT packages with; if we
  ever decouple clang-for-packages from clang-for-users, upstream behaviour can
  be restored for the latter.

- Readjusted CMake file validation fixes.